Targeted cancer therapy focuses on specific characteristics of your tumor or blood cells that cause them to grow and spread. It is not like regular chemotherapy. To determine whether targeted therapy is appropriate for you, your doctor may examine your tumor for specific proteins or genetic abnormalities. A biopsy may also be performed to remove a sample of your tumor for testing.
Apoptosis is a natural cellular activity that regulates cellular homeostasis, normal development, and the elimination of abnormal cells. It is also useful in the treatment of a variety of ailments, including cancer and autoimmune disorders.
There are numerous apoptosis inducers available. The majority of these chemicals induce apoptosis by cross-linking DNA, inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins, and activating caspases. Dose titration experiments are required to determine an appropriate concentration. This will tell you how long it takes to achieve substantial apoptosis at a certain medication concentration in a given cell line.
Because of its broad cytotoxic efficiency against most cell types, hydrogen peroxide has become the most extensively utilized apoptosis inducer. However, the vulnerability of different cell types to apoptosis differs greatly. This study emphasizes the significance of establishing the optimal H2O2 concentration range for a given cell type.
Hormone inhibitors prevent cancer cells from accessing hormones that they require to thrive and spread. Estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and testosterone are examples of these hormones. These drugs may be used by healthcare providers to treat breast and prostate cancer.
They can also be used to treat tumors that are hormone-dependent, such as ovarian and uterine cancer. They can be administered via pills, injections, or surgery that removes hormone-producing organs such as the ovaries in women and testicles in men.
Hormone replacement therapy can help decrease or prevent breast cancer tumors while also improving a woman's quality of life. Treatments are typically administered for 5 years. Because some breast tumors develop resistance to hormone medicines, it's critical to discover a combination therapy that works for you. Combinations of these medications may be more beneficial than using just one medicine.
Angiogenesis (Greek for "blood vessel formation") is the process by which new blood vessels originate. While this may aid in normal wound healing, it can also cause cancer to proliferate, invade adjacent tissue, and spread to other parts of the body. (metastasize). Certain substances produced by the body regulate angiogenesis. Angiogenesis inhibitors are drugs that prevent the creation of blood vessels and thus the progression of cancer.
Proteasome inhibitors are medications that prevent proteasomes from working. These proteins are part of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which is important in identifying and removing unwanted cellular proteins. Bortezomib, the first proteasome inhibitor licensed by the FDA, is a potential medicine that promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. Because of this efficacy, it is now used to treat relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (R/RMM).
Angiogenesis is a complicated process that is influenced by numerous factors. Many cells, for example, produce vascular endothelial growth factor. (VEGF). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as inflammatory cytokines, also stimulate angiogenesis.
These inhibitors work by inhibiting the hydroxyl and amino groups of N-terminal threonine in the b5 subunit of the 20S proteasome. Because these subunit-specific inhibitors outperformed bortezomib in terms of clinical efficacy, they were introduced as a new type of cancer medication.